Academic Free Speech and Digital Voices

Summary

Although academic free speech is an ideal in Higher Education, it is seldom realised in practice. External funders and powerful academic orthodoxies are often successful in stifling novel research that challenges the commercial status quo. This has been particularly evident in the Health Sciences, where research into promising low-cost solutions, such as low carbohydrate, healthy fat (LCHF) diets, remains poorly funded. The few science experts brave enough to study LCHF must negotiate scientific suppression, whereby authorities misrepresent The Scienceā„¢ as settled, whilst actively stifling dissent. The first AFSDV theme raises awareness around this neglected concern.

In response to formal suppression, LCHF scholars are using popular social media platforms to successfully promote their research and motivate for policy change. The second AFSDV theme supports the study of scholars’ digital voices, both in promoting dissent, and also in negotiating suppression.Ā  Research into academic cyberbullying is backed by a third theme, which has supported the definition of negative phenomena, like what online academic bullying (OAB) is, and what makes up an academic cyber mob. Mixed-methods and qualitative researchers are supported via a fourth theme that assists them with extracting social media data for analysis in their postgraduate studies, thereby broadening the field.

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Research Studies

Academic Free Speech (AFS)

Academic free speech (AFS)

Summary

In theory, universities should offer an environment for robust scholarly debates on scientific controversies. In contrast, dissident scholars experience scientific suppression driven by the overlapping interests of orthodox academics, embedded media and their business funders. Their collaboration creates the negative phenomenon of ā€˜undone science’, where research into promising interventions is prevented or suppressed.

This is evident in the lack of debate in universities around Insulin Resistance versus the orthodox ā€œcholesterolā€ model of chronic disease development. It is also obvious in how effective, but inexpensive, COVID-19 preventative treatments have been ignored in favor of costly, but largely ineffective, mRNA inoculations.

Primary Research Outputs

Noakes, T. David, B. Noakes, T. 2022, Who is watching the World Health Organisation? ā€˜Post-truth’ moments beyond infodemic research. Transdisciplinary Research Journal of Southern Africa special issue – Myth and fear in a post-truth age: Implications for communication and sociality in the 21st Century Southern Africa, December, 2022. doi:Ā https://doi.org/10.4102/td.v18i1.1263.

Challenging Scientific Dogma

Noakes, T., & Sboros, M. (2021). The Eat Right Revolution: Your guide to living a longer, healthier life. Penguin Random House South Africa.Ā https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/eat-right-revolution-your-guide-living-longer-healthier-life/9781776096206

Noakes, T., & Sboros, M. (2017). Lore of Nutrition: Challenging conventional dietary beliefs. Penguin Random House South Africa.Ā https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/lore-nutrition-challenging-conventional-dietary-beliefs/9781776092611

Noakes, T., & Vlismas, M. (2012). Challenging beliefs : memoirs of a career (New edition. ed.). Zebra Press.Ā https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/book/challenging-beliefs/9781770224612

Noakes, T. (2012). Waterlogged: the serious problem of overhydration in endurance sports. Human Kinetics.Ā https://www.human-kinetics.co.uk/9781492577843/waterlogged/

Secondary Research Outputs

Noakes, TM. Harpur, P. (2021, May 20) Marketing a myth-busting editorial via microblogging: aspects of success and pitfalls in spotlighting scientific dissent. [Colloquium presentation]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology’s Centre for Communication Studies Colloquium, Cape Town, South Africa.

Noakes, TM. Noakes, TD. (2021, May 18) Academic freedom in science: personal experiences of academic freedom denied, the role of embedded science and scientists. [Colloquium presentation]. Cape Peninsula University of Technology’s Centre for Communication Studies Colloquium, Cape Town, South Africa.

Noakes, T. (2022) The Cause of Majority Modern Chronic Diseases can be Traced to the Effects of Diet

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XN02QQ4asTI

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Digital Voices (DV)

Digital voices (DV)

Summary

To work around their silencing in Higher Education and the mainstream media, dissidents can exercise responsible free speech on digital platforms to grow support for their scientific contribution.Ā  There is scant research regarding dissidents’ online practices, such as sharing state-of-the-art publications, or participating in related informal academic debates. TNF has sponsored the infrastructure that supports a better understanding of dissident’s digital voices on Twitter, and how such visibility assists them with disseminating unorthodox, but scientific, research.

Primary Research Outputs

Noakes, TM. Harpur, P. Uys, C. 2023, Noteworthy disparities with four CAQDAS tools: explorations in organising live Twitter data. Social Science Computer Review. doi: 10.1177/08944393231204163.

Noakes, T. 2021, The value (or otherwise) of social media to the medical professional : some personal reflections. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, volume 34, issue 1, pages 23-29, March, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-caci-v34-n1-a5.

Secondary Research Outputs

  1. Noakes, T.Ā  (2021, 4-6 March). From informal academic debate to cyber harassment – navigating the minefield as a responsible contributor [Conference presentation]. World Nutrition Summit, Cape Town, South Africa: https://www.slideshare.net/TravisNoakes/from-informal-academic-debate-to-cyber-harassment-navigating-the-minefield-as-a-responsible-contributor-243996265 |Ā https://courses.nutrition-network.org/p/wns-bundle
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Digital Visibility Risks (DVR)

Digital Visibility Risks

Summary

Increased public visibility on social media has many risks. This theme tackles two major concerns:

1. Professor Noakes and Travis have defined how Higher Education scholars negotiate ā€˜online academic bullying’ when they face ā€˜excessive, one-sided critiques online, surpassing the confines of typical scholarly debate and accepted standards within their respective fields’ (2021). In response to the gravity of this negative phenomenon, TNF supports research into a definitive OAB framework’s development. It is hoped that this can assist decision makers with reducing academic cyberbullying.

2. Well-known health experts’ identities are also stolen for fake celebrity endorsement of ā€œketo gummiesā€ and other scams. In response to the identity jacking of Professor Noakes, TNF launched reportfakeendorsement.com to grow awareness of this decade-long cybercrime. Scholars are currently researching what makes fake celebrity endorsements a seemingly intractable problem, and how the biggest social media companies have responded to celebrities’ complaints.

Primary Research Outputs

Secondary Research Outputs

1. Noakes, T. (2023, December 6). Cybermobs for online academic bullying- a new censorship option to protect The Science’s status-quo. Open Society meeting with Pandemics Data and Analytics (PANDA). https://www.slideshare.net/TravisNoakes/cybermobs-for-online-academic-bullying-2023pptx.

2. An anti-chat harassment tactics booklet (2023), https://create-with-cc.myshopify.com/products/anti-chat-harassment-tactics-booklet.

3. Noakes, T.Ā  Harpur, P. (2021, October 22). A systematic literature review of academic cyberbullying- notable research absences in Higher Education contexts [Design Research Activities Workgroup presentation]. Cape Town, South Africa. https://www.slideshare.net/TravisNoakes/a-systematic-literature-review-of-academic-cyberbullying-2021

4. Noakes, T.Ā  (2021, 4-6 March). From informal academic debate to cyber harassment – navigating the minefield as a responsible contributor [Conference presentation]. World Nutrition Summit, Cape Town, South Africa: https://www.slideshare.net/TravisNoakes/from-informal-academic-debate-to-cyber-harassment-navigating-the-minefield-as-a-responsible-contributor-243996265 |Ā https://courses.nutrition-network.org/p/wns-bundle

5. Noakes, T.Ā  (2020, April 1). Ethical responses for health professionals contending with online harassment, [Nutrition Network presentation]. Nutrition Network ethics course, Cape Town, South Africa. https://courses.nutrition-network.org/p/ethics.

  1. Educating the public about cybercrimes that hijack celebrity identities at https://reportfakeendorsement.com
  2. A spreadsheet of strategies against cyber harassment at http://bit.ly/2D8qv0k.
  3. The OAB Routine Activities Theory (OABRAT) questionnaire atĀ https://bit.ly/3pnyE6w.
  4. The design of five Shushmoji libraries (emojis to mark end-of-conversation points with cyber harassers). For example, Stop, academic bully! atĀ https://www.createwith.net/academic.html.
  5. An end-of-conversation anti-harassmentĀ Shushmoji appĀ for WhatsApp by Younglings Africa and Create With.
  6. Examples of Shushmoji app use are on Pinterest at https://za.pinterest.com/createwithcapetown/shushmojis.
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Affordable Data Extraction for Postgrads Research (ADEPR)

Affordable Data Extraction for Postgrads Research (ADEPR)

Summary

The Noakes Foundation is a founder sponsor of the Social Media and Internet Lab for Research (SMILR), which is based at Younglings Africa (YA). SMILR supports the post-graduate research pipeline with affordable data extraction by YA interns learning to do this via X (formerly Twitter), for Masters and PhD research projects. SMILR is being used by CPUT PhD candidate, Pinky Motshware, who is researching the historic cyber harassment of black male South African celebrities on Twitter (now X).

Each experienced a life-changing outcome as a consequence of such harassment. In the long term, this theme intends to develop a case study for a successful sustainable site that supports small data research projects for the digital humanities and it was founded in 2021

Other Outputs

The Social Media Internet Lab for Research (SMILR) is based atĀ Younglings Africa.

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Promoting Vaccines in South Africa: Consensual or Non-Consensual Health Science Communication?

Promoting Vaccines in South Africa: Consensual or Non-Consensual Health Science Communication?

Current Status

After nine journal submission attempts, the manuscript has been shared as a pre-print on ResearchGate at http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10941.78565.

ABSTract/Summary

A blind spot exists in scholarship regarding the use of non-consensual persuasion techniques for promoting experimental treatments. Drawing upon a conceptual framework that distinguishes between consensual and non-consensual organisation persuasive communication (OPC) this paper shows how deceptive messaging, incentivization and coercion meant that consent to take the COVID-19 vaccine was not fully informed nor freely given. Specifically, in South Africa, people were incentivized through financial inducements, coerced by employment policies involving mandatory testing and, in the case of pregnant women, misled by inaccurate claims regarding mRNA vaccine safety. In addition, key definitional changes to what was meant by a ‘vaccine’ and a ‘pandemic’ enabled the rapid roll out and promotion of genetic vaccines, including Pfizer’s BioNTech ComirnatyĀ®. The case study findings highlight how health campaigns can involve persuasion strategies that are non-consensual. It is particularly concerning that strategies involving incentivization ran alongside misleading claims regarding vaccine safety for pregnant women. The wider question raised by the study relates to whether non-consensual strategies emerged due to overzealous drives to protect the wider public good or are more accurately understood to have been influenced by political and economic interests. More research is needed into this important question.

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Who is watching the World Health Organisation? ā€˜Post-truth’ moments beyond infodemic research

Who is watching the World Health Organisation? ā€˜Post-truth’ moments beyond infodemic research